HCLS/POMROntology/GRDDL

"Health Level Seven: XML Schema User Experience Report", demonstrates how HL7 uses XML to represent messages. The HL7 Clinical Document Architecture is [15]

• an XML-based document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of clinical documents for the purpose of exchange.

It can be mapped (this sample, for instance) via XSLT to this ontology:

An Observation / cpr:clinical-description:

[ a cpr:patient;
  foaf:givenname "Henry";
  foaf:family_name "Levin";
  cpr:gender "male" ].

[] a cpr:medical-problem;
   skos:prefLabel "Asthma";
   rdfs:subClassOf [ a time:Interval; 
                     time:hasBeginning [ :inXSDDate "1950"^^xsd:date ]].  

[] a cpr:medical-problem;
   rdfs:label "HTN".

[] a cpr:medical-problem;
   skos:prefLabel "Osteoarthritis";
   galen:hasSpecificLocation [ skos:prefLabel "Knee joint" ].

[] a cpr:substance-administration;
   rim:effectiveTime [ units:hours "12"; xsi:type^^rim:PIVL_TS ];
   rim:doseQuantity [ units:miligrams "200" ];
   cpr:administration-of [ skos:prefLabel "Theophylline";
                           rdf:value "66493003"^^snomed-ct ].

[] a cpr:substance-administration;
   rim:effectiveTime [ units:hours "6" ];
   rim:doseQuantity "2";
   rim:routeCode [ rdf:value "IPINHL"^^rim:RouteOfAdministration;
                   skos:prefLabel "Inhalation, oral" ].
   cpr:administration-of [ skos:prefLabel "Albuterol";
                           rdf:value "91143003"^^snomed-ct ].

....

[] a cpr:medical-history-screening;
   inf:realizes [
   ]

[ a cpr:clinical-description;
   dc:date "1950-01-01"^^xsd:date;
   cpr:description-of
    [ a cpr:screening;
      inf:realizes
       [ a cpr:medical-sign;
         skos:prefLabel "Asthma";
       ]
    ]
]

And

<entry>
        <Observation>
                <id root="10.23.4573.15878"/>
                <code code="282290005" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" displayName="Imaging interpretation"/>
                <value xsi:type="CD" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" nullFlavor="OTH">
                        <originalText>normal cardiac silhouette</originalText>
                </value>
                <reference typeCode="SPRT">
                        <ExternalObservation classCode="DGIMG">
                                <id root="123.456.2557"/>
                                <code code="56350004" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" displayName="Chest-X-ray"/>
                        </ExternalObservation>
                </reference>
        </Observation>
</entry>

In N3:

[ a cpr:clinical-description;
   cpr:description-of
    [ a cpr:screening;
      skos:prefLabel "Imaging interpretation";
      skos:altLabel "Chest-X-ray";
      inf:realizes
       [ a cpr:medical-sign;
         skos:prefLabel "normal cardiac silhouette";
       ]
    ]
]

Finally...

<SubstanceAdministration moodCode="RQO">
        <text>Hydrocortisone cream to finger BID.</text>
        <effectiveTime xsi:type="PIVL_TS" institutionSpecified="true">
                <period value="12" unit="h"/>
        </effectiveTime>
        <routeCode code="SKIN" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.112" codeSystemName="RouteOfAdministration" displayName="Topical application, skin"/>
        <approachSiteCode code="48856004" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" displayName="Skin of palmer surface of index finger">
                <qualifier>
                        <name code="78615007" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" displayName="with laterality"/>
                        <value code="7771000" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" displayName="left"/>
                </qualifier>
        </approachSiteCode>
        <consumable>
                <manufacturedProduct>
                        <manufacturedLabeledDrug>
                                <code code="331646005" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED CT" displayName="Hydrocortisone cream"/>
                        </manufacturedLabeledDrug>
                </manufacturedProduct>
        </consumable>
</SubstanceAdministration>

In N3:

[ a cpr:clinical-description;
   cpr:description-of
    [ a cpr:substance-administration;
      skos:prefLabel "Hydrocortisone cream to finger BID.";
      rim:routeCode "Skin of palmer surface of index finger";
      edns:about [ skos:prefLabel "Hydrocortisone cream" ].
    ]
]